Explosion engine



I R. Y BOVEE.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV, 27. I9I7.'

Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

8 SHEETSSHEET I.

171067111222 I ,omZ/xw R. Y. BOVE'E.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.21, 1911.

Patehted Aug. 8 1922.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

R. Y. BOVEE.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27, HI?- Patented Aug. 8, 1922.,

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

A Z7wamfo7." mom 9; (507166.

R. Y. BOVEE.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV, 27, I917.

1,424,87g, 2 Patented Aug. 8, 1922. f

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

R. Y. BOVE'E.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21. 1917.

Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7. I

' lnuamfmr mom/U; BOZ/ee.

AAAAA R. Y. BOVEE. EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27,1917.

Patented Aug. 8, N22.

a SHEETSSHEET 8.

Inventor M0772 9 Emma thereb are r RANSOM Y. 'BOV'EE, OF MAYWOOD,ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ORLANDO J.

. BUCK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patgnted Aug, 1922 Application filed November 27, 1917. Serial No. 204,192. 7

Maywood, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Explosion Engines,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in engines and one of the objects of the sameis to provide an improved combination and arrangement of the parts. Afurther object is to provide improved means for scavenging the burnt gases after each explosion by eliminating the usual compression space within and to provide improved means the cylinder, for passingan explosive mixture past the point of ignition, during the ignition period, eliminating a pocket of foul gases aroun the spark plug which pocket is formed by the burnt gases from a preceding explosion, and thus preventing dilution of the fresh gas mixture, insuring perfect combustion. v

A further object is to provide improved means for maintaining the pistons in true alinement with the cylinder, thereby obviating the objectionable side thrusts on the pistons due to the reversing of the crank.

A further object is to provide an improved construction of engine whereby the ordinary valves for controlling the ports are dispensed with, and a still further object is to provide an improved piston pump lubrication to all of the working parts.

To the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other new .and useful ob jects as will appear, the invention consists 1n the features of novelty in substantially the construction, combination and arrangement of the several parts hereinafter more fully described and claimed and shown in the ac- --companying drawings illustrating this invention and in which;

Figures 1 and 2 are vertical longitudinal sectional views of an improved engine of this character, constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.

Figure 3 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical section as taken on line 33, Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 4-4, Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the cylinder taken on line 5-5, Figure 1 and with parts omitted.

support upon which the parts are and this support is provided with an openders 27 which operating mechanism with parts broken away.

Figure 12' is a vertical sectional view taken on line 12-12, Figure 11.

Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16 are diagrammatic views of the operation of the pistons showing the positions they will assume with respect to each other during the different steps of the operation and also showing the manner of opening'and closing the ports.

Figure 17 is a detail view in elevation of the piston rod, packing box or bushing.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the numeral 20 designates a suitable mounted ing 21 therethrough, through which a portion of a combined crank hanger and cylinder head, designated generally by the reference numeral 22 is adapted to project.

- The hanger portion of the element 22 embodies depending spaced converging portions 23 connected at the bottom as at'24, and the portions 23 may be of any desired length, and formed integraltherewith is the a lower head 25 of the cylinder 26. The element is held in position in any suitable manner, preferably by means of flanges or shoulextend over the support 20 and are secured thereto in any suitable manner.-

The head 25 is hollow. as at 28 and is spaced a short distance from the support 20 to facilitate cooling the end of the cylinder 1 in a manner to be setforth, and the head is provided with a laterally extending portion 29.

The cylinder 26 is supported by the head 25 and is provided with circumferential eripheral ribs or fins 30 and a head 31 at its other ends. The head 31 is also provided with a laterally projecting portion 32 arranged in alinement with the portion 29 of the head 25.

Reciprocating in the cylinder 26 is a hollow piston 33 having packing rings 34, and connected withthis piston 33 is a hollow piston rod 35 which passes through a bushing 36 removably seated in the cylinder head 25.

This bushing 36 is preferably of a sectional construction embodying a cylindrical body portion 37 having external screw threads. and a tapering extremity 38. The opposite end of the bushing member is reduced as at 39 to form a shoulder 40 and the portion 39 is provided with external screw threads.

The cylindrical portion 37 of the bushing is seated in a cylindrical opening in the cylinder head 25, to engageinternal screw threads therein, and the tapering portion 38 projects into aconical opening 41 in the head. The sections of the bushings are held together by means of a suitable nut or collar. engaging the threads on the portion 39 of the bushing, so as to clamp the sections together. The nut 42 is adjusted until it engages the shoulder 40 of the bushing, and a further adjustment of the nut in the same direction will tend to riitate the bushing members and force the tapering portion 38 into the conical seat 41 of the cylinder head 25, to form a tight joint between the piston rod 35 and the bushin Suitable packing rings 44 are provide in a face of the bushing sections. However, the specific construction of this bushing forms the subject matter of a separate application, Serial N 0. 247,007, filed July 27, 1918.

Arranged to reciprocate in the hollow piston.33 is another piston 45 connected with which is a hollow piston rod 46 which passes through one end of the hollow piston 33 and telescopes with the piston rod 35 thereof, and

the piston 45 is provided with suitable packing rings 47 ad acent the inner face of the wall of the piston33.

In order to guide the pistons in true longitudinal relation to the cylinder so as to obviate or prevent the objectionable side thrusts on the pistons due to reversing of the crank, there is provided a suitable guide 48 which is of a tubular construction, one end of. which is removably V secured in a threaded openin 49 in the connecting portions 24 at the Ease of the members 23 of the crank han er. This guide 48 is of suitable length an projects into the hollow piston rod 46 through the cylinder head 25 and preferably the cylinder.

Arranged adjacent each "end of the cylinder 26 and on one side thereof, are supplemental cylinders orvalve chambers 50, 51. The laterally projecting portion 32 of the cylinder head 31' is adapted to form one end of the chamber 50, and is provided with an terminates at a pointwithin opening 52 to form communication between the chamber 50 and the atmosphere. The other end 53 of the chamber 50 is also open.

This chamber 50 is provided with ports 54, 55 connecting with the interior of the cylinder 26 at one end thereof and with which a port 56 in the hollow piston 33 at one end is adapted to alternately communicate, the

port 56 being provided with an elongated portion 57.

The hollow piston 33 is also provided with a port 58 at its other end, having an elongated passage 59 communicating therewith and is adapted to be alternately moved into and out of communication with an intake passage 60 which leads into the cylinder 26 and through which passage the fuel is supplied. The port 57 is also adapted to be moved into and out of communication with the intake 60.

Arranged within the valve chamber 50 are spaced reciprocating piston valves 61, 62, which are connected by means of a hollow piston ro 133, and the valves 61, 62 are so arranged 'as to control the ports 54, 55 in a manner which will be hereinafter set forth.

The opposite end of the cylinder 26 is provided with ports 64, 65, similar to the ports 54, 55 and these ports 64, 65 have communication with the valve chamber 51.

Reciprocating in this valve chamber are spaced piston valves 66, 67, and the piston rod 63 of the valves 61, 62 is connected with the piston valve 66 so that the valveswill move in unison. A piston'rod 68 is con.- nected with the piston valve 67 and serves as a means whereby the valves may be're- 29 of the cylinder head 25 and the end of the valve chamber 51 is an exhaust passage 70.

Surrounding the cylinder and the valve chambers50, 51 is a casing 71 having an open end, 72, and inwardly spaced circumferene tial ribs or flanges 73 which are arranged in staggered relation withv respect to the cooling ribs orfianges 30 on the exterior of the cylinder. These flanges or ribs- 73 terminate short of the outer face of the cylinder 26 and the ribs or flanges 30 terminate short of the outer wall of the casing so that when cooling air .is drawn into the casing 73, in a manner to be hereinafter set forth, the air will circulate in a tortuous passage lengthwise of the cylinder. Bearings 74, 75 are supported from the hanger 23 by means of suitable supports 76, secured to the flanges 77 of the element 23 by means of the fastening devices 78. Thesebearings 75, 76 are spaced from each other and preferably arranged in alinement. J ournaled respectively in the bearings 74, 75 are portions 79, 80 of a hollow crank shaft and connected respectively to these portions are crank arms 81, 82 havsite to but terminate short ing crank pins 83, 84 respectively secured thereto, and the crank pins are located oppoof each other and are connected by means of an intermediate crank pin 85. Twin parallel crank rods 86, 87 are respectively pivotally connected by one extremity with the crank pins 83, 84 and the other extremities of these crank rods are pivotally connected to a wrist pin 88 and to which wrist pin the lower extremity of the hollow piston rod 35 of the hollow piston 33 is detachably connected, such as by means of screw threads or the like, so that when the crank arms 81, 82 are rotated, a reciprocatory movement will be imparted to the hollow piston. 34- within the cyllnder 26. A crank rod 89 is pivotally connected by one end to the crank pin 85, and this crank rod 89 may be constructed of separate members or of a single member having one end connected and the other end bifurcated to form arms 90 which are pivotally connected by their free end to a wristpin 91 and to which wrist pin 91 the free end of the hollow piston rod 46 of the piston is detachably connected, such as by means of screw threads or the like. It will thus be seen that when the crank is rotated the pistons 33, 45 will be reciproc'ated, a portion of the time the pistons will be moving in opposition to each other, another portion of the time one of the pistons will be maintained relatively at rest while the other is reciprocating, and during another portion of the time, the pistons will be moving in the same direction but at different rates of speed. The valves 61, 62, 66, 67 are adapted to be reciprocated at the proper intervals of time in any suitable manner, but preferably by means of a cam 92 which is connected with the portion 80 of the crank, to rotate therewith, and this cam 92 is provided with a laterally projecting peripheral flange 93- adapted to travel between two rollers 94, 95 mounted upon a sliding support 96, and which support is adapted -to move upon suitable guides 97 so that when the'cam is rotated, a reciprocatory movement will be imparted to the member 96 through the medium of the rollers 94, 95. In order to take up the wear between the rollers and the cam, the roller 97 is preferably mounted upon a separate support 98 secured to the element 96, by means of suitable fastening devices 99, and arranged between the supports 96, 98 are shims 100, and which shims may be readily removed or inserted between the parts when desired.

Connected. with the member 96 and by one end thereof is ahollow rod 101, the other extremity of the rod is connected in any suitable manner such as by means of a coupling 102 to the end of the hollow piston rod '68 of the piston valves, and if desired, a suit able bushing 103 may be provided for. guidtherefrom by the ing the piston valve rod 68. v Stuffing boxes 104, 105 are respectively provided or the portions 79, 80 of the crank and these stuffing boxes may of suitable hanger'members 106, 107 which are secured to the supporting base 20.

A crank case 108 is provided for the crank and associated parts-and thiscrank case is provided with slotted portions 109, 110 adapted to be closed by the hangers and members 106, 107 and to which members a portion of the crank case is detachably secured, so that when it' -is desired to remove the crank case 108, all that is necessary is to remove the fastening devices 111 by means of which it is secured to the base 20, and the fastening devices 112 by means of which it is secured to the hanger members 106, 107, and the crank case may be lowered out of position. Thus it will be seen that access may be readily, had to the crank and parts thereof by simply removing the crank case without dlsmanthng any of the other parts of the mechanism. Leading from the casing 71 which surrounds the cylinder 26 is a flue 113 which extends to a point adj acent the bottom of the crank caseandon the outside thereof and is provided with a discharge opening 114 adjacent which discharge opening a fan 115 which is secured to the portion 79 of the crank, rotates.

When this fan rotates, it will be manifestthat air will be drawn into the open end of the casing 71 to circulate in a tortuous passage along the outer face of the cylinder and into the flue 113. At the same time air will be drawn in between the support 20 and the head 25 of the cylinder, into the hollow portion of the head, across the head and over the adjacent end of the cylinder to circulate about the cylinder and into the flue 113, so

that the engine cylinder will be efiiciently and quickly cooled. The air which has been thus drawn into the flue 113 is discharged fan 115 through theopening 114. The parts of the mechanism are lubricated from a sump 116, located preferably at the bottom of and exterior'of the crank case, and with which sump, the crank case has communication through suitable openings 117 in the wall of the crank case.

.A pipe 118 leads from the sump 116 and is connected at one end by means of a suitable coupling 119 with the hanger 23, preferably adjacent its bottom and to discharge into a valve chamber 120 within which is located a valve 121. This chamber 120 has communication by means of a suitable passage 122 to a pipe 123 which is fixedly secured within the hollow guide 48 and the pipe 123 is of such a length that it terminates adjacent the upper end of the guide. The pipe is also of an exterior diameter slightly less than the interior of the diameter of the guide so as to form an oil passage between the pipe and wrist pin 88 is also I cation of the piston a portion of guide, so that any excess oil discharged through the pipe will-run down the outside thereof to be discharged from the guide 48 through a suitable opening 124 arranged adj acent its lower end. The oil is discharged through this pipe 123 by the operation of the piston 45, the movement of which in a direction away from the end of the pipe 123 will create a suction to draw out the oil, the valve 121 opening to permit the oil to enter the pipe 123. When the direction of movement of the piston 45 is reversed so that it will move towards the end of the pipe 123, the pressure upon the column of oil will close the valve 121 and the surplus oil from the pipe 123 will be discharged through the waste valve in the openin 124. The oil is drawn or sucked up throug the pipe 123 on the u stroke of the piston 45, and the oil which is not taken up through the ports communicating with the piston is discharged through the overflow port 124. During the reciprothe oil which has beendischarged through the passage 125 will enter the passage 126 in the piston 33 and be conducted thereby between the latter piston and the wall of the cylinder, Suitable openings are provided throughout the length of the telescoping elements 35, 46, 48 y means of which lubrication may be delivered etween the parts, and by means of which also the bushing 37 may be lubricated. The provided with passages 127 adapted to receive the lubricant for oiling it, and with passages 128 by means of which it may be lubricated, and these passages 127, 128 receive their supply of oil from the telescoping piston rods 35, 46.

The piston valves 61, 62, 66and 67 are supplied with oil from the sump 116 by a phmp mechanism, of which the sliding support for the rollers 94, 95 constitutes a part and to that end, there is connected with the sliding support 96, a tubular member 129 (see particularly Figures 4 and 12), which serves as a plunger operating in a chamber 130 and with which chamber a pipe 131 which leads 'from the sump 116 has communication as at 132, so that as the member 96 is reciprocated by the cam 82, the piston 129 will operate in the chamber 130 and will draw or suck the oil into the chamber from the sump, and the inlet to the chamber is controlled by a suitable valve. The oil is discharged from the chamber'130, into'a pipe 133 which is arranged within the pipe 101 to extend therethrough, through the piston valves 67, 66, the=p1ston rod 63, through the piston valve 62 and into the piston valve 61. This pipe 133 is open at its end and discharges into the piston valve 61 so that the oil will pass out of the passages 134 therein to lubricate the piston valve. The piston valves 62, 66 and 'these portions and also the the wrist pin 91 is also providedforced 67 are providedwith similar passages 134 for lubricating the valves.

The pipe 133 is of a diameter somewhat smaller than the internal diameter of the piston rod63 and pipe 101, so that some of the lubricant will pass down the outside of the pipe 133 and between said pipe and the pipe 101 to be discharged into a chamber 135 (see Figures 4 and 12) from where it will pass through suitable openings 136, 137 to ubricate the rollers 94, 95 of the passage 137 opens through one face of thle member 96 to form an overflow for the o1 suitable opening 138 bymeans of which the hollow portion 80 of the crank may be lubricated and openings 139, 140 are also provided, forming communication between the portions 80 and 84 of the crank shaft to lubricate central portion 85. Thus it will be seen that the parts will be automatically lubricated during the operation of the engine. ()bviously suitable packing and packing rings may be provided at the points where they are needed. It will also be manifest that the sliding member 96 serves as a double function of operating the piston valves 61, 62, 66 and 67, when reciprocated by the cam 82 and also as a means for operating or constituting a portion of the plunger of the pump by means of Whichlubricating oil is raised from the supply and delivered to the various parts of the mechamsm.

supported independently of the crank case 108, it will be manifest that'when the crank case is removed ready access may be had to these parts.

The fuel is supplied through the intake opening to the cylinder 26 and will pass into the. 57, 56, and 59, 58 to one side or the other of the piston 45 according to the position of the respective ports with respect to the intake 60, as will be understood, and during the simultaneous and relative reciprocation of the pistons 45, 33, the charge which has been taken into the piston 33 will be compressed between these pistons and at the.

proper time, that is, and 58, 59 are in the respect to the ports 54, 55, the charge will be out of the piston 33 into the valve chamber 50 between the pistons 61, 62 and transferred into the cylinder 26 between the head or end. thereof and the end of the hollow piston 33, at which time the explosion takes place. During this passage of the charge from between the pistons 45, 33, through the valve chamber 50 and into the cylinder between the end of the hollow piston and the cylinder head, the charge of when the ports 56, 57

and the extremity The chamber 130 is also provided with a This member 96 and the cylinder 130 being I hollow piston33 through the ports proper position with cylinder,

explosive mixture flows past the usual spark plug 141, during the ignition per1od, and is the point of ignition. This will eliminate a pocket of foul gases around the spark plug, and whichpocket is usually formed by the burnt gases from a preceding explosion. This method of transferring the charge past the point of ignition will insure the maintenance of a rich mixture and not be thinned or diluted.

Just about the time that the explosion is to take place at the outer end of the cylinder 26, the ports 59, 58 of the outer piston 33 will be in a position to receive a charge from the intake which charge will be directed between the inner and outer pistons on the side thereof opposite to the side adjacent which the explosion is taking place and as the pistons move towards the inner end of the cylinder, off from the intake 60. The charge thus received in the piston 33 will be compressed between the pistons 'and upon a further movement of the piston 33 in the same direction, the ports 59, 58 will be alternately moved into a position to communicate with the ports 64, of the valve chamber 51 so that the charge will be transferred from between the pistons, into the valve chamber 51 past the spark plug 141 and out of the port 65 into the cylinder 26 between the cylinder and the outer valve 33, the piston valves 66, 67 being shifted at the proper time to permit such a transfer of the charge. The charge flowing past the ignition point during the ignition period will be exploded and the'pistons will be driven towards the other end of the cylinder 26. During this movement of the pistons, the piston valves 61, 62 will be moved so as to open the exhaust port 54 to permit the burnt gases to be scavenged from the opposite end of the cylinder and discharged through the opening 52 in the valve chamber. Likewise when the pistons .33, 45 have 'assumed, a position that the explosion will take place at the opposite end of the the piston valves 66, 67 will be in a position to open the port65 so that the burnt gases at the opposite end of the piston will be exhausted therefrom.

With this construction it will 'be seen that an improved engine will be produced and the burnt gases will be scavenged from each end of the cylinder after each explosion, and furthermore the usual compression space within the cylinder is dispensed with as the compression of the charge is accomplished inside of the hollow piston and between the end of such-piston and the piston 45, the gases being transferred after compression fromthe hollow piston through the valve chamber and into the cylinder between the end of the cylinder and the outer piston,- the gases flowing past the spark plug while the same will and the ports 59, 58 will be cut p under compression and during the ignition period so that the explosion commences in the valve chamber;

The operation of this improved engine will now be described, particular reference being had to:the diagrammatic Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16. As shown in Figure 13, the outer piston 33 is' in the position which it will assume during an interval of rest just before the crank 84 reverses to move the piston in the opposite direction. At this period, the expulsion of the burnt gases between the end of the cylinder 26 and the piston 33 of a previous explosion has just occurred through the port-54 and out of the opening 52 of the valve chamber 50. The piston valve 61 has just moved into the position shown, to close the port 54, after the discharge of the burnt gases, and the ort55 is in communication with the interior of the hollow-piston 33, so that the compressed charge of fuel between the pistons 3345 will be transferred through 'the ports 56, 57 and 55' into the valve chamber 50 between the piston valve 61-62. When the piston valve 61 is in a position to'close the port 54, the valve 61 Wlll have moved substantially one half of its full stroke, and upon the. completion of its full stroke in a direction towards the opening 52, the-port 54 will be opened and the port 52 will be closed, so as to permit the charge of fuel between the pistons 3345, which has partially passed intothe valve chamber 50.b etween the valves 61, 62, to be transferred into the end of the cylinder 26 between the cylinder and the end of the piston 33, the piston 45 moving towards the end of the piston 33 to force the charge from between the pistons into the end of the cyline der, the valve 61 having assumed the position as shown in Figure 14. At the moment that the piston 45 assumes its nearest position to'the end of the'piston 33, as shown in Figure 14, the compressed charge of fuel between the pistons will have been completely expelled therough the'ports 56, 55, 54 and into the end of the cylinder 26. As the piston 33 moves in the opposite direction and away from the end of the cylinder 26, communication between the ports 57, 56 and 55, will be cut off and the port 55' will be closed as shown in Figure 14, so that the products of combustion will .be prevented I 60. During this latter movement the pis-' 'tons'-33-.-'45fwill be traveling in the same direction, but the piston 45 will be moving at a greater rate of speed than the piston 33, due to the longer throw of its crank mechanism, so that when the passage 57 is in communication with the intake opening 60, a suction will be created through the ports 5657, and a fresh charge of fuel will'be drawn into the space between the pistons.

As the piston 45 travels towards the opposite end of the hollow piston 33, the ports 58, 59 and 64 will be brought into communication in the same manner as described with relation to the ports 555.657,- and the compressed charge of fuel between the lower end of the pistons 33-45 will be transferred into the valve chamber 51 past the spark plug 141,- during the ignition period, and the valve 67 will be shifted to open the port 65 to permit the charge to pass into the cylinder 26 and outside of the piston 33. The valve 67 is shifted at the proper time to permit of such passage of the charge, in the same. manner as the valve 61, and after the explosion, the valve 67 will be moved to the position shown in Figure 14 to permit the products of combustion to exhaust through the passage 65. On the upward movement of the piston 33, communication between the ports 6459, 58 (see Figurel6) will be cut off, and the port 64 will be closed, thereby preventing the products of combustion from passing back into the chamber between the pistons 33and 45. In igure 13, the piston 33 has reached the limit of its travel through-the explosion of fuel confined between its other end and the relatively opposed head of thecylinder 26. At this point the opening of the exhaust port 65, permitsthe products of combustion to exhaust and the movement of the piston 33 towards the port 65, expels the remaining portion of the products upon the completion of the stroke of the piston,rthereby inder. g

In Figure 14, piston 45 has reached the end of its stroke in the hollow piston 33 and the passages 58, 59 are in communication with the intake passage 60. As the pistons 33, 45 simultaneously move downwardly or in the direction towards the opposite end of the cylinder 26, the passage 58, 59'will be moved font of communication with the intake passage 60, thereby confining a charge of fuel between the pistons 33, 45, to be compressed upon a continued movement of the pistons in the same direction, during which latterperiod of movement, the piston 45 is traveling at a greater rate of speed than the piston 33, and at the time that the istons 33, 45 assume the positions shown in igure 15,, the compressed charge is being transferred throu h the ports 5859 and 64 past the spar 'ng plug 141 and into completely scavenging that end of the cylcenter of the axis working position between the piston 33 and the end of the cylinder 26, through the port- 65 whengthe latter is opened, at which time the ports will be in the Figure 16.

Figure 16 shows the piston 45 at the nearest position it assumes to the other end of the piston 33, and in which position it has just expelled the compressed charge from between the pistons through the ports 64-65 into the end of the cylinder.

During this operation, the ports 57-56 will. have established communication between the intake port 60 and the interior of the-piston 33 ,on the opposite side of the piston 45 admitting a fresh charge to be compressed on the opposite movement of the pistons, and as the piston 33 moves away from the end of the cylinder at which the last explosion has occurred, communication will at the proper point in its travel, be established between the intake and the ports 59 -58 to permit a fresh charge to be drawn between the pistons 33-45 by the more rapid movement of the piston 45, which causes it to move away from the end of the piston 33 creating a suction therebetween, which charge will be compressed when the pistons move in the opposite direction.

1 Thus it will be seen that an explosion will not only be obtained at each end of the cylpositions shown in inder on each stroke of the piston towards said end, but the cylinder will be completelyscavenged of the products of combustion before a fresh char e of fuel is delivered into the cylinder, so that the charge will not be thinned or diluted by the mixture of burnt gases therewith. This is accomplished by reason ofthe factthatthe outer piston travels substantially the entire length of the cylinder, the ends of the piston traveling in close proximity to the respective ends of the cylinder'to force out the burned gases.

The'actuating principle for deriving the relative motions between the two moving pistons 3345, is produced by the differ-- ence in throw of the connecting rods mounted in relative fixed relationship upon a common moving center-about a crank shaft. The inner piston'45 is connected with its crank by an arm or rod having a greater radius from the centerof the crank motion than the piston 33, thus giving the piston 45 longer movement of travel in both directions than the piston 33, up and down or between the ends of the cylinder 26, and is fixed with relation to the crankat an angle of approximately thirty degrees with respect to a radial line passed through the of the connecting rod of This will produce what following movement of respect to the piston 33,

will alte n t ycatch up the outer piston 33. might be termed a the piston 45 with and the piston 45 with the piston 33 at each end of the stroke and will relatively increase its speed beyond that end or head of the piston. 33 from which it is moving, thereby creating an action equivalent to a double action pump within the said outer piston 33, and which latter piston through suitable ports permits the product of compression from between the piston and the respective ends of the piston 33-to be'alternately and at the proper moment, transferred through suitable ports, which latter at the proper time establish communication between the outer end ofthe piston 33 and the adjacent end of the cylinder 26.

The pump cylinder 130 being connected with the bearing of the hollow portion 80 of the hollow crank shaft, and the crank shaft being provided with a radial opening 138 therein, it will bemanifest that as the crank shaft revolves in its bearing the opening 138"therein will be intermittently moved into and out of register or communication with the openin 130 inthe pump cylinder, so that during t e operation of the pump a portion only of the oil which is drawn up thereby from the sump, will be discharged into the hollow crank shaft, which will occur only when the openings 130 and 138 are in communication. When these passages are out of communication, the continued operation of the pump will cause the lubricating liquid to be forced through the tubular member 101. Obviously'the opening 138 may be of any desired size accordin to the amount of oil it is desired tohave de ivered to the hollow crank shaft'when the openings 130 and 138 are in communication. After the oil is forced by the pump into .this hollow portion 80' of the crank shaft, it will be manifest that it will flow into the communicating portion of the crank shaft to lubricate the respective bearings thereof. v

The lubricating system has been herein specifically described to render a more complete and better understanding of the mechanism, but the construction and operation will not be specifically claimed in the present application.

WVhat is claimed as new is:

1. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a hollow piston reciprocable therein and closed with the exception of a port, a piston within the hollow piston, and reciprocable axially with relation thereto, said port in the pistonbeing movable into operative relation to the said intake of the cylinder for.

permitting the entrance of a charge of fuel I into the hollow piston and between said pistons, and out of such relation, means for relatively reciprocating the pistons to compress the charge therebetween, and provisions for 5 transferring said compremed charge from 'portsleading into the opposite ends thereof,

a piston reciprocable in the hollow piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to alter nately move the ports in the hollow piston into communication with the intake port to receive a charge of fuel between the pistons and on opposite sides of the second recited piston, to be compressed between the pistons, and provisions by means of which the compressed charge will be transferred from between the pistons into the adjacent ends of the cylinder to be exploded, the said provisions embodying means for closing the outlet of the exhaust opening during the said transfer of the charge, whereby said outlet will operate as a portion of the transfer passage, the said provisions embodying a chamber exterior to the cylinder, said chamber having two ports communicating with the end of the cylinder, and a chambered valve co-operating with the said ports.

. 3. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having exhaust ports in close proximity to each end and an intake port, a hollow piston reciprocable in the cylinder, and adapted to assume positions .in close proximity to the ends of the cylinder to scavenge the end of the cylinder, said .piston having ports leading into the opposite ends thereof, a piston reciprocable in the hollow piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to alternately move the ports in the hollow piston into communication with the intake port to receive a charge of fuel between the pistons andon opposite sides of the second recited piston, to be compressed between the pistons, provisions by means of which the compressed charge will be transferred from between the pistons into the adjacent end of the cylinder to be exploded, andan ignition device adjacent each end of the cylinder and past which device the respective charges will flow during the ignition period and 'withinthe other and operating within the cylinder, means for supplying a charge of fuel between the pistons .to be compressed therebetween, means for transferring the compressed charge from between the pistons into the cylinder between the end thereof and one of the pistons, and means for exploding said compressed charge during its passage from between the pistons and into the cylinder, one of said pistons. traveling the entire length of the cylinder into close proximity to the end of the cylinder to scavenge the said end of the cylinder.

5; An explosion engine embodying a cylinder, a pair of reciprocating pistons one within the other and operating within the cylinder, means for supplying a charge of fuel between the pistons to be compressed therebetween, means for transferring the compressed'charge from between the pistons into the cylinder between the end thereof and one of the pistons, means for exploding the said compressed charge during the said transfer thereof, and means for closing the space between the pistons to the products of combustion of such explosion, the outer piston traveling the entire length of the cylinder and in close proximity to the end of the cylinder for entirely scavenging the cylinder.

6. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder, a pair of reciprocating pistons operating one within the other and within the cylinder, means for supplying a charge of fuel between the pistons to be compressed therebetween, means for transferring the compressed charge from between the pistons into the cylinder between the end thereof and one of the pistons, and an ignition device past which, the said compressed charge flows when being transferred and during the ignition period, the outer piston traveling t e entire length of the cylinder and into close proximity to the end of the cylinder fog sitvenging the cylinder. inder, a pair of pistons operating one within the other and reciprocating within the cylinder, means for supplying a charge of fuel between the pistons to be compressed therebetween, means for transferring the compressed charge from between the pistons 'into the cylinder between the endthereof and one of the pistons, and means for'exploding said compressed charge during the said transfer thereof, the end of one of the pistons operating to close the space between the pistons to the entrance of the products of combustion, the other piston reciprocating the entire length of the cylinder and mov able into close proximity to the end of the cylinder for scavenging the cylinder.

8. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a hollow reciprocating piston within the cylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocating in the hollow piston, means ,for reciprocating the pistons to move the port in the hollow piston into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter between the pistons, said port being also movable into communication with the' exhaust port, a valve chamber with which 11 explosion engine embodying a cylthe exhaust port communicates, said valve chamber also having an exhaust port, there being a second port forming communication between the valve chamber and the cylinder, and with which last recited port the port in the hollow piston is adapted to communicate, whereby ,the charge between the pistons may be transferred through the valve chamber and into the end of the cylinder, a. reciprocating valve for alternately opening and closing the exhaust port, and an ignition device in the valve chamber and past which device the charge is passed while being transferred into the cylinder and during the ignition period.

9. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a hollow reciprocating piston within the cylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocable in the hollow piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to move the port in the hollow piston into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter between the pistons, said port being movable into communication with the exhaust port, a valve chamber with which the exhaust port communicates, said valve chamber also having an exhaust port, there being a second port forming communication between the valve chamber and the cylinder, and with which last recited port the port in the hollow piston is adapted to communicate, whereby the charge between the pistons may be transferred through the valve chamber and into the end of the cylinder, a reciprocating valve for alternately opening and closing the exhaust port; and an ignition device in the valve chamber and past which device the charge is passed while being transferred into the cylinder and during the ignition ,period, said iston reciprocating means embodying mec an-ism for causing the pistons during a portion of their movements to travel in the same direction and at different rates of speed.

10. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a hollow reciprocating piston within the cylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocable in the hollow 11a piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to move theport in the hollow piston into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter between the pistons, said port being movable into communication with the 1.20 exhaust port, a valve chamber with which the exhaust port communicates, said valve chamber also having an exhaust port, there being a second port forming communication between the valve chamber and the cylinder, 12%; and with which last recited port the port in the hollow piston is adapted to communicate, whereby the charge between the pistons may be transferred through the valve chamber and into the end of the cylinder, a reciprocat- 18b 'cation with the intake to permit a chamber also aaaaera a hollow reciprocating piston within thecylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocable in the hollow piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to move the port in the hollow piston into communicharge to enter between the pistons, said port being also movable into communication with the exhaust port, a valve chamber with which the exhaust port communicates, said valve having an exhaust port, there being a second port forming communication between the valve chamber and the cylinder,

e5 ignition device while being thus and with which last recited port the port in the hollow piston is adapted to communicate, wherebythe charge between the pistons may be transferred through the valve cham-' ber and into the end of the cylinder, a reciprocating valve for alternately opening and closing the exhaust port, and an ignition device in'the valve chamber and past which devicethe charge is passed while being transferred into the cylinder and during the ignition period, the end of the hollow piston operating to close the exhaust port to pre-n vent the products of combustion from passing into the hollow piston and between the pistons. v

12. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a valve chamber with which the exhaust port communicates, said valve chamber also having an exhaust opening, there being a secon port forming communication between the cylinder and valve chamber, a piston valve reciprocable in the valve chamber for controlling the exhaust-port, an ignition device in the valve chamber, a hollow piston in the cylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocable'in the hollow piston, and means for reciprocating the pistons to move the port in the hollow piston into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter, the piston and between the iston, said piston port being also movable into communication with one of the ports in the valve chamber whereby the charge between the pistons may be transferred from between the pistons through the valve chamber and into the end of the cylinder exterior of the piston, said charge flowing past the transferred,

and during the ignition period, and means for recipr ocating the valve to control exhaust port.

13. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust por a valve chamber with which the exhaust port communicates, said valve chamber also having an exhaust opening, there being a second port forming communication between the cylinder and valve chamber, a piston valve reciprocable in the valve chamber for controlling the exhaust port, an ignition device in the valve chamber, a hollow piston in the cylinder closed with the exception of a port, a piston reciprocable in the hollow piston, and means for reciprocating the pistons to move the port in the hollow piston into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter the piston and between the pistons, said piston portbeing movable into communication with oneof the ports in the valve chamber whereby the charge between the. pistons may be transferred from between the pistons through the valve cham-' her and into the end of the cylinder exterior of the piston, said charge flowing past the ignition device while being thus transferred, and during the ignition period, and means for reciprocating the valve tocontrol the exhaust port, the end of the hollow piston operating to close the transfer passage to prevent the products of combustion from passing between the pistons. V

14. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an exhaust port at each en thereof and an intake, a hollow piston reciprocable in the cylinder and closed with the exception of a port leading to each end thereof, said piston reciprocating the entire length of the cylinder and movable into close proximity to cylinder for scavenging the cylinder, a piston reciprocable axially within the hollow piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to alternately move the ports in the hollow piston into communication with the intake the the respective ends of the" two whereby a charge will be admitted into the hollow piston on second recited piston,

tons reciprocating theentire length of the cylinder and movable into close proximity to the respective ends of the cylinder for scavenging the cylinder, a piston axially reciprocable in the first said piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to move the piston port into and out of communicatlon with the intake whereby a charge will be received between the pistons and compressed therebetween, means for transferring the charge from between the pistons into the end of the cylinder, means for igniting the charge, telescoping, hollow piston rods connected with the respective pistons, and a guide for maintaining the pistons and rods in true alinement with the cylinder, said guide telescoping with the piston. rods.

16. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, a hollow piston reciprocable therein and closed with the exceptlon of a port, a

' piston axially reciprocable in the first said piston, means for reciprocating the pistons to move the piston port into and out of communication with the intake whereby a charge will be received between the pistons and compressed therebetween, means for transferring. the charge from between the pistons into the end of the cylinder, mews forigniting the char telescoping hollow piston rods connecte with the respective pistons, a hollow guide telescoping with the piston rods, and means for lubricatingthe pisltsons through the said guide and piston ro v 17 An explosion engine embogging a cyl- ,inder having an intake and tune aust n hollow piston reci rocable therein and a closed with the exception of a port, a piston 'axially reciprocable in the first said piston,

means for reciprocating the pistons to move the piston ort into and out of communication with t e intake whereby: a char e will be received between the pistons an compressed therebetween, means for transferring the charge from between the pistons into the end of the cylinder, means for ig niting the charge, telescoping hollow piston rods connected with the respective pistons, .apiston guideitelescoping with the pistcr. rods, an oil sum' and means wherebythe oil will be raised from the sump by suction created by the piston for lubricating the pistons through the piston rods.

18. An exp inder having an intake and an exhaust port a hollow piston reci rocable therein an closed with the exce tlon of a port, a piston reciprocable in the ollow piston, telescoping piston rods for the pistons, means-for reciprocating the pistons to move the port into communication with the intake to permit a charge to enter between the pistons. to be there compressed, .means whereby the compressed charge will be transferred from between the pistons into the cylinder, means for exploding the charge, a sectional stutling box through which the outer piston rod with the losion engine embodying a cyl-- crank shaft and the other piston passes, and a guide for the pistons and rods, said guide telescoping with the pistons.

19. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder having an intake and an exhaust port, telescoping pistons one of the pistons being hollow and the other piston reciprocating therein, telescoping piston rods for the pistons, means for delivering a charge of fuel between the pistons to be compressed, means for transferring the compressed charge from between the pistons into the. cylinder, means for ex loding said charge, means or conducting the 'oil from the sump by the suction of the piston to lubricate the pistons through the piston rods, a valve chamber, a reciprocating piston valve in the valve chamber, and means for conducting oil from the sump through the piston valve to lubricate the latter. 20. An explosion engine embodying an engine cylin er, pistons reciprocable in the cy inder, telescoping piston rods connected with the istons, a crank shaft, connections between t e crankshaft and the respective piston rods, said connections embodying wrist pins, and a guide for the pistons and rods, said ide assing through the wrist pins and to escopihg with the piston rods,

engine cylinder,

v pistons reciprocable in the cylinder,

telescoping piston rods connected pistons, a between the piston rods, wrist crank shaft and the respective said connections embodying pins, a guide for the pistons and rods, said guide passing through the wrist pins and telescoping with the piston rods, and means for lubricating the wrist pins through the said guide. a I

22. An ex losion engine embodying an engine cylin er, pistons reciprocable in the cy inder, telescoping piston rods. connected with the between t e crank shaft and the respective piston rods, said connections embodying wrist pins, a guide for the pistons and rods, said guide passing through and telescoping with the piston rods, an oil sump, and means for automatically convey ing the oil from the sump to lubricate the pistons and th said wrist pins through the said guide.

23. An explosion engine an oil sump,

istons, a crank shaft, connections crank shaft, connections the wrist pins embodying a cyl inder, pistons reciprocable therein, hollow pin, spaced parallel twin connecting rods.

between the rods, and

the piston embodying a wrist pin, the connection betweenthecrank-shaft and one of the piston rods having a greater throw than the con ncction' between the crank. shaft and the other piston rod, and" a stationary guide meters telescoping with the piston rods and passing through the wrist pins.

24. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder, pistons reciprocable therein, hollow telescoping piston rods connected with the pistons, a crank shaft, a rod connection between the crank shaft and one of-the piston rods and embodying a wrist pin, spaced parallel twin connecting rods between the crank shaft and the other piston rod and embodying a wrist pin, the connection between the crank shaft and one ofthe piston rods having a greater throw than the connection between the crank shaft and the other piston rod, astationary hollow guide telescoping with the piston rods and passing through the wrist pins, and means for automatically lubricating the wrist pins through the said guide.

25. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder, pistons reciprocable therein, hollow telescoping piston rods connected with the pistons, a crank shaft, a'rod connection between th crank shaft and one of the piston rods and embodying a wrist pin, spaced parallel twin connecting rods between the crank shaft and the other" piston rod and embodying a wrist pin, the connection between the crank shaft and one of the piston rods having a greater throw than the connection between the crank shaft and the other piston rod, a stationary hollow guide telescoping with the piston rods and passing through the wrist pins,' and means for auto- ,matically lubricating the wrist pin through th said guide by the suction created therein 1 by the movement of the piston.

26. An explosion engine embodying a cylinder, pistons reciprocab'le therein, hollow telescoping piston rods connected with: the pistons, a crank shaft, a rod connection between the crank shaft and one of the piston rods and embodying a wrist pin, spaced parallel twin connecting rods between the crank shaft and the other piston rod and embodying a wrist pin, the connection between the crank shaft and one of the piston rods having a greater throw than the connection between the crank shaft and the other piston rod, a stationary hollow guide telescoping with the piston rods and passing through the wrist pins, and means for automatically lubricating the wrist pins through the said guide, the said means embodying an oil sump, and a connection between the said hollow guide and the oil sump.

v 27. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion of their stroke, and then in opposite directions for the remainder of their, stroke, means, for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistonsfmeans for transferring sald 28. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a por-. tion of their stroke, and then in opposite direcctions for the remainder of their stroke, means for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means for transferring said charge after compression from between the pistons and into the cylinder between the outer piston and cylinder head, and means for igniting said compressed charge on its passage from between the pistons and into the cylinder and before it reaches the space between the outer piston and cylinder head, the last recited means embodying a passage exterior to the cylinder and adapted to form communication at a predetermined point in the travel of the piston, between the space between the piston and the cylinder, and an ignition device disposed within the said passage and exterior to the cylinder.

29'. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion of their stroke, and then in opposite I directions for the remainder of their stroke, means for introducing a charge intothe outer-piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means for transferring said charge after compression from between the pistons and into the cylinder between the outer piston and cylinder head, and embodying an exterior chamber, means for igniting said .compressed charge on its passage from between the pistons and into the cylinder and before it reaches the space between the outer piston and cylinder head, the last recited means-also embodying a passage communicating with the space between the pistons and the said exterior chamber whereby'the compressed charge will be ignited between the pistons before the charge istransferred from between the pistons into the cylinder between the outer piston and cylinder head to be there expanded.

i 30. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion of their stroke,,and then in opposite directions for the 'remainder of their stroke, means'for introducing a charge into the outer piston arrd between the inner and outer pistons, means embodying a passage exteriorto the cylinder and adapted to be brought into communication with the space between the piston and also the space between the outer piston and cylinder head,

means for temporarily confining said charge the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means for removing the compressed ,charge from bet-ween the pistons, means for-confining and igniting the charge thus confined, and means whereby the charge will be delivered into the space between the outer piston and cylinder head only after the charge has been ignited, and at a predetermined point in the travel of the outer piston.

32. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion of their stroke, and then in opposite directions for the remainder of their stroke, means for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means for transferring said charge after compression from between the pistons and into the cylinder between the outer piston and cylinder head, means for removing the compressed charge from between the pistons, means for confining the charge exterior of the cylinder, means for shifting the charge to deliver the charge into the cylinder between. the outer piston and cylinder head at a predetermined point in the travel of the pistons. and means for ignitin the charge.

33. ii. an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion. of their stroke, and then in opposite directions for the remainder of their stroke,means for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means for transferring said charge after compression from between the pistons and into the c linder between the outer piston and cylin er head, means for removing thecompressed charge frombetween the pistons, and for confining the charge, the last recited means embodying a passage and spaced 'alined and connected pistons in the passage and between which pistons the charge is confined, means for movin the pistons to shift the charge to deliver t e charge into the cylinder between the outer piston and cylinder head at a predetermined point in the travel of the pistons, and means for igniting the charge,

prodricts of combustion 34. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other,-acting 1n the same direction and at difi'erent speeds for a portionof their stroke, and then in oppoing the charge to deliver the charge into the cy lnder between the outer piston and cylin: der head at a predetermined point in the travel of the pistons and means for igniting the charge.

35. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting 1n the same direction and at different speeds for a portionof their stroke, and then in opposite directions for the remainder of their stroke, means for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, means fortransferring the charge from between the pistons into the cylinder between the head thereof and the outer piston, said means embodying a chamber exterior to the cylinder and havin two ports in communication with the cylinder, a chambered valve movable in the said chamber and operable to establish communication between the two ports to transfer the charge within the cylinder, and also operable with relation to one of the ports to permit the products 0t combustion to pass out of the cylinder; 7

36. In an explosion engine having two pistons, one within the other, acting in the same direction and at different speeds for a portion of their stroke, and then in opposite directions for the remainder of their stroke, means for introducing a charge into the outer piston and between the inner and outer pistons, meansfor transferring the charge from between the piston, said means embodying a chamber exterior to the cylinder and having two ports in communication with the cylinder, a chambered valve movable in the said chamber and operable to establish communication between the two ports to transfer the charge within. the cylinder, and also operable with relation to one of the ports to permit the products of combustion to pass out of the cylinder; the said valve also operating to close the last recited port to the atmosphere when the ave been expelled from the cylinder.

37. The combination of two pistons, one 

